Valproic Acid Induced Hyperammonemic Encephalopathy Patients with Valproic acid (VPA) toxicity develop all of the following EXCEPT? (select one) A) hyponatremia B) hyperosmolality C) hypocalcemia D) anion gap acidosis E) elevated osmolal gap Answer: A Knowing how Valproic Acid Intoxication EMCrit Project Frontiers The serum acylcarnitines profile in epileptic children treated with valproic acid and the protective roles of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor a activation in valproic acid induced liver injury Science review: Carnitine in the treatment of valproic acid induced toxicity what is the evidence? Critical Care Springer Nature Link Therapeutic and Toxic Effects of Valproic Acid Metabolites